Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, is observed by millions of Muslims worldwide through fasting, prayer, and charity. Unlike the Gregorian calendar, the start of Ramadan does not fall on a fixed date but depends on the sighting of the crescent moon, known as the hilal. In 2026, Ramadan is expected to begin on February 18–19, although the exact date will be confirmed after moon-sighting reports.
Expected Dates for Ramadan 2026
Astronomical calculations suggest:
- The new moon will be born on February 17, 2026, which sets the stage for the next lunar month, Ramadan.
- If the crescent moon is visible on the evening of February 18, the first day of fasting will likely be February 19.
- In some regions, weather and geographic conditions may make the crescent visible earlier or later, potentially starting Ramadan on February 18.
These dates are predictions, and Islamic authorities will confirm the final date based on actual observations.
Why Ramadan Dates Change Each Year
Ramadan follows the Islamic lunar calendar, which is approximately 10–11 days shorter than the solar Gregorian calendar. As a result, Ramadan shifts earlier by around 10 days each year. This lunar system ensures that the Ramadan cycle spans all seasons over time.
The holy month is a period of spiritual reflection, self-discipline, and devotion, commemorating the revelation of the Quran to the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
How the Moon is Sighted
The start of Ramadan depends on traditional moon-sighting methods, known as Ruet-e-Hilal, alongside modern astronomical calculations.
Traditional Observation
- Observers look for the hilal in the western sky shortly after sunset on the 29th day of Sha’ban, the month preceding Ramadan.
- If the crescent is sighted, Ramadan begins the next day.
- If the moon is not visible, Sha’ban completes 30 days, and Ramadan starts the following day.
Astronomical Considerations
Scientists evaluate visibility using:
- Elongation – the angular distance of the moon from the sun, usually requiring 10–12 degrees for visibility.
- Altitude – height of the moon above the horizon; higher altitudes improve chances of spotting the crescent.
- Lag Time – the duration between sunset and moonset, with at least 45 minutes being ideal for observation.
These criteria explain why the moon may be “born” according to astronomy, but not yet visible to the naked eye.
Why Different Countries May Start Ramadan on Different Days
Moon visibility varies based on geography and local weather. Some countries follow local sightings, while others use astronomical calculations. Consequently, Muslims in different regions may begin Ramadan on separate days, although the spiritual significance remains the same worldwide.
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In Pakistan, the Central Ruet-e-Hilal Committee collects reports from observers nationwide before officially declaring the start of Ramadan.
Pakistan’s Forecast for Ramadan 2026
Meteorological authorities in Pakistan anticipate a good chance of moon sighting on the evening of February 18, with Ramadan likely starting on February 19, 2026, subject to official confirmation. Clear skies will help observers across the country confirm the crescent, ensuring a smooth start to the holy month.
Spiritual Significance of Ramadan
Ramadan is not only about fasting from dawn to sunset; it is a time of:
- Deepened spirituality and prayer
- Acts of charity and community service
- Self-discipline and self-reflection
The month concludes with Eid al-Fitr, a festival celebrating the end of fasting and renewed devotion.
Conclusion
Ramadan 2026 is expected to begin around February 19, though the exact date depends on the crescent moon sighting. This combination of ancient tradition and modern astronomy highlights both the spiritual and scientific aspects of determining the holy month. Across the world, Muslims eagerly prepare for a month of devotion, reflection, and community.
